Category: Basic

  • Nuclear Power – Converting Mass Into Energy?

    Nuclear Power – Converting Mass Into Energy?

    One of the things that most people know about nuclear power is that it about turning mass into energy – E= mc2. Although this is […]

  • Radioactivity of U-238

    Radioactivity of U-238

    This is just an example of how to calculate the radioactivity of an isotope from its halflife. Uranium 238 has a halflife of 4.468×109 years […]

  • Implications of High Burnup Fuel – Basic Notes
    ,

    Implications of High Burnup Fuel – Basic Notes

    An important issue around nuclear new build is the amount and what happens to the spent fuel. The proposed EPR reactors at Sizewell and Hinkley […]

  • Spent Fuel – Basic Notes
    ,

    Spent Fuel – Basic Notes

    These are just a few basic notes about spent fuel waste from nuclear power stations. It assumes a basic understanding of the nuclear fission process […]

  • Nuclear Fusion

    Nuclear Fusion

    Let us look at the graph for the energy of various nuclei. Remember tht this graph is upside down and so Iron (Fe) has the […]

  • About Uranium

    About Uranium

    It would be useful at this point to talk a bit more about Uranium and its isotopes. Uranium naturally occurs as two isotopes details of […]

  • The Rate of Decay

    The Rate of Decay

    The rate at which these unstable isotopes undergo decay varies greatly between the different isotopes. The process is random for each atom. However there is […]

  • Gamma  Radiation

    Gamma Radiation

    When an atom undergoes alpha or beta decay it can leave the nucleus in a high energy state. The atom goes to a lower energy […]

  • Decay Chains

    Decay Chains

    When an atom undergoes radioactive decay the isotope produced is not necessarily stable itself. If it is not then that can undergo radioactive decay. This […]

  • Moderation

    Moderation

    We have discussed fission and neutron capture. Now we are going to talk about how we can increase the likelihood that fission or neutron capture […]

  • Neutron Capture

    Neutron Capture

    Before we talk any further about fission it is useful to have a look at what other things can happen to the neutrons. One thing […]

  • Very Heavy Atoms – Fission

    Very Heavy Atoms – Fission

    Spontaneous Fission For heavy elements (greater than mass 232) the nucleus can split into two smaller elements and a few spare neutrons. This is called […]

  • Atomic Mass and Stability – Alpha Decay

    Atomic Mass and Stability – Alpha Decay

    As atomic mass increases the stability of the nucleus increases but after a while they become too heavy and the stability decreases. The graph above […]

  • Proton to Neutron Ratios and the Stability of Nuclei – Beta Radiation

    Proton to Neutron Ratios and the Stability of Nuclei – Beta Radiation

    Adding more neutrons to the nucleus does not change the chemical properties of the atom. A hydrogen atom with one or even two neutrons has […]

  • What Is Radiation

    What Is Radiation

    Radiation is just the term for something that can travel through empty space. It could be a particle or a wave. There are many different […]

  • The Structure Of Matter

    The Structure Of Matter

    Before we go any further we have to understand what makes up the matter around us – the computer in front of me, the air […]

  • Introduction

    Introduction

    Before we start on the subject of nuclear physics there are a few fundamentals that we have to understand: Energy Without energy nothing would happen. […]